![]() A plethora of scale varieties each boasting advantages and improvements over one another appear throughout recorded history, with such great inventors as Leonardo da Vinci lending a personal hand in their development. by many small merchants and their customers. Variations on the balance scale, including devices like the cheap and inaccurate bismar (unequal-armed scales), began to see common usage by c. The balance was made of wood and used bronze masses. In China, the earliest weighing balance excavated was from a tomb of the State of Chu of the Chinese Warring States Period dating back to the 3rd to 4th century BC in Mount Zuojiagong near Changsha, Hunan. Clearly their mass, not their size or other characteristics, was a factor in sculpting these cubes. The cubes are made of many different kinds of stones with varying densities. Although the cubes bear no markings, their masses are multiples of a common denominator. Uniform, polished stone cubes discovered in early settlements were probably used as mass-setting stones in balance scales. 2400–1800 BC, have also been found in the Indus River valley. Although no actual scales from this era have survived, many sets of weighing stones as well as murals depicting the use of balance scales suggest widespread usage. Carved stones bearing marks denoting mass and the Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for gold have been discovered, which suggests that Egyptian merchants had been using an established system of mass measurement to catalog gold shipments or gold mine yields. 2600 BC) excavated, though earlier usage has been proposed. The oldest attested evidence for the existence of weighing scales dates to the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, with Deben (unit) balance weights, from the reign of Sneferu (c. The balance scale itself was probably used to determine relative mass long before absolute mass. What has allowed archaeologists to link artifacts to weighing scales are the stones for determining absolute mass. ![]() The balance scale is such a simple device that its usage likely far predates the evidence. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead depicts a scene in which a scribe's heart is weighed against the feather of truth. Scales and balances are widely used in commerce, as many products are sold and packaged by mass. Some scales can be calibrated to read in units of force (weight) such as newtons instead of units of mass such as kilograms. Other types of scales making use of different physical principles also exist. The heavier the object, the more the spring stretches, as described in Hooke's law. Suspending a certain mass will extend the spring by a certain amount depending on the spring's stiffness (or spring constant). A spring scale will make use of a spring of known stiffness to determine mass (or weight). One plate holds an object of unknown mass (or weight), while objects of known mass or weight, called weights, are added to the other plate until static equilibrium is achieved and the plates level off, which happens when the masses on the two plates are equal. The traditional scale consists of two plates or bowls suspended at equal distances from a fulcrum. These are also known as mass scales, weight scales, mass balances, and weight balances. Weighing scale for a baby includes a ruler for height measurementĪ scale or balance is a device used to measure weight or mass.
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